Types of errors:

There are four types of errors in articulation. These are best remembered with acronym "SODA"
Substitution, Omission, Distortion, and Addition.

1. SUBSTITUTION - occurs when one sound is substituted for another.
Examples: I azzume Villiam's buthday it Thuzday.

2. OMISSION - occurs when a sound is left out that is too hard to pronounce.
Examples: Please print tree copies of the repote.

3. DISTORTION - occurs when the sound is not left out or substituted but does not sound right.
There is an attempt to make the sound but it is misarticulated.
Examples: "kerrec" vs. "correct" / "tell me" vs "till me"

4. ADDITION - occurs when an extra sound is added.
Examples: Illinois, Des Moines, Merlot and Salmon.

Articulation evaluation steps:
(Van Riper)

Sensory Perceptual Training (hearing own mistakes)
Producing a new sound with cuing
Able to make sounds correctly in isolation
Use the sound in syllables
Use the sound in words
Use the sound at the phrase level
Use the sound at the sentence level
Carry over the sound and make it automatic

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